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| 1 | <?php |
| 2 | /** |
| 3 | * Pop PHP Framework (https://www.popphp.org/) |
| 4 | * |
| 5 | * @link https://github.com/popphp/popphp-framework |
| 6 | * @author Nick Sagona, III <dev@noladev.com> |
| 7 | * @copyright Copyright (c) 2009-2025 NOLA Interactive, LLC. |
| 8 | * @license https://www.popphp.org/license New BSD License |
| 9 | */ |
| 10 | |
| 11 | /** |
| 12 | * @namespace |
| 13 | */ |
| 14 | namespace Pop\Db\Sql; |
| 15 | |
| 16 | /** |
| 17 | * Select class |
| 18 | * |
| 19 | * @category Pop |
| 20 | * @package Pop\Db |
| 21 | * @author Nick Sagona, III <dev@noladev.com> |
| 22 | * @copyright Copyright (c) 2009-2025 NOLA Interactive, LLC. |
| 23 | * @license https://www.popphp.org/license New BSD License |
| 24 | * @version 6.6.5 |
| 25 | */ |
| 26 | class Select extends AbstractPredicateClause |
| 27 | { |
| 28 | |
| 29 | /** |
| 30 | * Distinct keyword |
| 31 | * @var bool |
| 32 | */ |
| 33 | protected bool $distinct = false; |
| 34 | |
| 35 | /** |
| 36 | * Joins |
| 37 | * @var array |
| 38 | */ |
| 39 | protected array $joins = []; |
| 40 | |
| 41 | /** |
| 42 | * HAVING predicate object |
| 43 | * @var ?Having |
| 44 | */ |
| 45 | protected ?Having $having = null; |
| 46 | |
| 47 | /** |
| 48 | * GROUP BY value |
| 49 | * @var ?string |
| 50 | */ |
| 51 | protected ?string $groupBy = null; |
| 52 | |
| 53 | /** |
| 54 | * ORDER BY value |
| 55 | * @var ?string |
| 56 | */ |
| 57 | protected ?string $orderBy = null; |
| 58 | |
| 59 | /** |
| 60 | * LIMIT value |
| 61 | * @var mixed |
| 62 | */ |
| 63 | protected mixed $limit = null; |
| 64 | |
| 65 | /** |
| 66 | * OFFSET value |
| 67 | * @var ?int |
| 68 | */ |
| 69 | protected ?int $offset = null; |
| 70 | |
| 71 | /** |
| 72 | * Select distinct |
| 73 | * |
| 74 | * @param bool $distinct |
| 75 | * @return Select |
| 76 | */ |
| 77 | public function distinct(bool $distinct = true): Select |
| 78 | { |
| 79 | $this->distinct = (bool)$distinct; |
| 80 | return $this; |
| 81 | } |
| 82 | |
| 83 | /** |
| 84 | * Set from table |
| 85 | * |
| 86 | * @param mixed $table |
| 87 | * @return Select |
| 88 | */ |
| 89 | public function from(mixed $table): Select |
| 90 | { |
| 91 | $this->setTable($table); |
| 92 | return $this; |
| 93 | } |
| 94 | |
| 95 | /** |
| 96 | * Set table AS alias name |
| 97 | * |
| 98 | * @param mixed $table |
| 99 | * @return Select |
| 100 | */ |
| 101 | public function asAlias(mixed $table): Select |
| 102 | { |
| 103 | $this->setAlias($table); |
| 104 | return $this; |
| 105 | } |
| 106 | |
| 107 | /** |
| 108 | * Add a JOIN clause |
| 109 | * |
| 110 | * @param mixed $foreignTable |
| 111 | * @param array $columns |
| 112 | * @param string $join |
| 113 | * @return Select |
| 114 | */ |
| 115 | public function join(mixed $foreignTable, array $columns, string $join = 'JOIN'): Select |
| 116 | { |
| 117 | $this->joins[] = new Join($this, $foreignTable, $columns, $join); |
| 118 | return $this; |
| 119 | } |
| 120 | |
| 121 | /** |
| 122 | * Add a LEFT JOIN clause |
| 123 | * |
| 124 | * @param mixed $foreignTable |
| 125 | * @param array $columns |
| 126 | * @return Select |
| 127 | */ |
| 128 | public function leftJoin(mixed $foreignTable, array $columns): Select |
| 129 | { |
| 130 | return $this->join($foreignTable, $columns, 'LEFT JOIN'); |
| 131 | } |
| 132 | |
| 133 | /** |
| 134 | * Add a RIGHT JOIN clause |
| 135 | * |
| 136 | * @param mixed $foreignTable |
| 137 | * @param array $columns |
| 138 | * @return Select |
| 139 | */ |
| 140 | public function rightJoin(mixed $foreignTable, array $columns): Select |
| 141 | { |
| 142 | return $this->join($foreignTable, $columns, 'RIGHT JOIN'); |
| 143 | } |
| 144 | |
| 145 | /** |
| 146 | * Add a FULL JOIN clause |
| 147 | * |
| 148 | * @param mixed $foreignTable |
| 149 | * @param array $columns |
| 150 | * @return Select |
| 151 | */ |
| 152 | public function fullJoin(mixed $foreignTable, array $columns): Select |
| 153 | { |
| 154 | return $this->join($foreignTable, $columns, 'FULL JOIN'); |
| 155 | } |
| 156 | |
| 157 | /** |
| 158 | * Add a OUTER JOIN clause |
| 159 | * |
| 160 | * @param mixed $foreignTable |
| 161 | * @param array $columns |
| 162 | * @return Select |
| 163 | */ |
| 164 | public function outerJoin(mixed $foreignTable, array $columns): Select |
| 165 | { |
| 166 | return $this->join($foreignTable, $columns, 'OUTER JOIN'); |
| 167 | } |
| 168 | |
| 169 | /** |
| 170 | * Add a LEFT OUTER JOIN clause |
| 171 | * |
| 172 | * @param mixed $foreignTable |
| 173 | * @param array $columns |
| 174 | * @return Select |
| 175 | */ |
| 176 | public function leftOuterJoin(mixed $foreignTable, array $columns): Select |
| 177 | { |
| 178 | return $this->join($foreignTable, $columns, 'LEFT OUTER JOIN'); |
| 179 | } |
| 180 | |
| 181 | /** |
| 182 | * Add a RIGHT OUTER JOIN clause |
| 183 | * |
| 184 | * @param mixed $foreignTable |
| 185 | * @param array $columns |
| 186 | * @return Select |
| 187 | */ |
| 188 | public function rightOuterJoin(mixed $foreignTable, array $columns): Select |
| 189 | { |
| 190 | return $this->join($foreignTable, $columns, 'RIGHT OUTER JOIN'); |
| 191 | } |
| 192 | |
| 193 | /** |
| 194 | * Add a FULL OUTER JOIN clause |
| 195 | * |
| 196 | * @param mixed $foreignTable |
| 197 | * @param array $columns |
| 198 | * @return Select |
| 199 | */ |
| 200 | public function fullOuterJoin(mixed $foreignTable, array $columns): Select |
| 201 | { |
| 202 | return $this->join($foreignTable, $columns, 'FULL OUTER JOIN'); |
| 203 | } |
| 204 | |
| 205 | /** |
| 206 | * Add a INNER JOIN clause |
| 207 | * |
| 208 | * @param mixed $foreignTable |
| 209 | * @param array $columns |
| 210 | * @return Select |
| 211 | */ |
| 212 | public function innerJoin(mixed $foreignTable, array $columns): Select |
| 213 | { |
| 214 | return $this->join($foreignTable, $columns, 'INNER JOIN'); |
| 215 | } |
| 216 | |
| 217 | /** |
| 218 | * Add a LEFT INNER JOIN clause |
| 219 | * |
| 220 | * @param mixed $foreignTable |
| 221 | * @param array $columns |
| 222 | * @return Select |
| 223 | */ |
| 224 | public function leftInnerJoin(mixed $foreignTable, array $columns): Select |
| 225 | { |
| 226 | return $this->join($foreignTable, $columns, 'LEFT INNER JOIN'); |
| 227 | } |
| 228 | |
| 229 | /** |
| 230 | * Add a RIGHT INNER JOIN clause |
| 231 | * |
| 232 | * @param mixed $foreignTable |
| 233 | * @param array $columns |
| 234 | * @return Select |
| 235 | */ |
| 236 | public function rightInnerJoin(mixed $foreignTable, array $columns): Select |
| 237 | { |
| 238 | return $this->join($foreignTable, $columns, 'RIGHT INNER JOIN'); |
| 239 | } |
| 240 | |
| 241 | /** |
| 242 | * Add a FULL INNER JOIN clause |
| 243 | * |
| 244 | * @param mixed $foreignTable |
| 245 | * @param array $columns |
| 246 | * @return Select |
| 247 | */ |
| 248 | public function fullInnerJoin(mixed $foreignTable, array $columns): Select |
| 249 | { |
| 250 | return $this->join($foreignTable, $columns, 'FULL INNER JOIN'); |
| 251 | } |
| 252 | |
| 253 | /** |
| 254 | * Access the HAVING clause |
| 255 | * |
| 256 | * @param mixed $having |
| 257 | * @return Select |
| 258 | */ |
| 259 | public function having(mixed $having = null): Select |
| 260 | { |
| 261 | if ($this->having === null) { |
| 262 | $this->having = new Having($this); |
| 263 | } |
| 264 | |
| 265 | if ($having !== null) { |
| 266 | if (is_string($having)) { |
| 267 | if ((stripos($having, ' AND ') !== false) || (stripos($having, ' OR ') !== false)) { |
| 268 | $expressions = array_map('trim', preg_split( |
| 269 | '/(AND|OR)/', $having, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE|PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY |
| 270 | )); |
| 271 | foreach ($expressions as $i => $expression) { |
| 272 | if (isset($expressions[$i - 1]) && (strtoupper($expressions[$i - 1]) == 'AND')) { |
| 273 | $this->having->and($expression); |
| 274 | } else if (isset($expressions[$i - 1]) && (strtoupper($expressions[$i - 1]) == 'OR')) { |
| 275 | $this->having->or($expression); |
| 276 | } else if (($expression != 'AND') && ($expression != 'OR')) { |
| 277 | $this->having->add($expression); |
| 278 | } |
| 279 | } |
| 280 | } else { |
| 281 | $this->having->add($having); |
| 282 | } |
| 283 | } else if (is_array($having)) { |
| 284 | $this->having->addExpressions($having); |
| 285 | } |
| 286 | } |
| 287 | |
| 288 | return $this; |
| 289 | } |
| 290 | |
| 291 | /** |
| 292 | * Access the HAVING clause with AND |
| 293 | * |
| 294 | * @param mixed $having |
| 295 | * @return Select |
| 296 | */ |
| 297 | public function andHaving(mixed $having = null): Select |
| 298 | { |
| 299 | if ($this->having === null) { |
| 300 | $this->having = new Having($this); |
| 301 | } |
| 302 | |
| 303 | if ($having !== null) { |
| 304 | if (is_string($having)) { |
| 305 | $this->having->and($having); |
| 306 | } else if (is_array($having)) { |
| 307 | foreach ($having as $h) { |
| 308 | $this->having->and($h); |
| 309 | } |
| 310 | } |
| 311 | } |
| 312 | |
| 313 | return $this; |
| 314 | } |
| 315 | |
| 316 | /** |
| 317 | * Access the HAVING clause with OR |
| 318 | * |
| 319 | * @param mixed $having |
| 320 | * @return Select |
| 321 | */ |
| 322 | public function orHaving(mixed $having = null): Select |
| 323 | { |
| 324 | if ($this->having === null) { |
| 325 | $this->having = new Having($this); |
| 326 | } |
| 327 | |
| 328 | if ($having !== null) { |
| 329 | if (is_string($having)) { |
| 330 | $this->having->or($having); |
| 331 | } else if (is_array($having)) { |
| 332 | foreach ($having as $h) { |
| 333 | $this->having->or($h); |
| 334 | } |
| 335 | } |
| 336 | } |
| 337 | |
| 338 | return $this; |
| 339 | } |
| 340 | |
| 341 | /** |
| 342 | * Set the GROUP BY value |
| 343 | * |
| 344 | * @param mixed $by |
| 345 | * @return Select |
| 346 | */ |
| 347 | public function groupBy(mixed $by): Select |
| 348 | { |
| 349 | if (is_array($by)) { |
| 350 | $this->groupBy = implode(', ', array_map([$this, 'quoteId'], array_map('trim', $by))); |
| 351 | } else if (str_contains($by, ',')) { |
| 352 | $this->groupBy = implode(', ', array_map([$this, 'quoteId'], array_map('trim', explode(',' , $by)))); |
| 353 | } else { |
| 354 | $this->groupBy = $this->quoteId(trim($by)); |
| 355 | } |
| 356 | |
| 357 | return $this; |
| 358 | } |
| 359 | |
| 360 | /** |
| 361 | * Set the ORDER BY value |
| 362 | * |
| 363 | * @param mixed $by |
| 364 | * @param string $order |
| 365 | * @return Select |
| 366 | */ |
| 367 | public function orderBy(mixed $by, string $order = 'ASC'): Select |
| 368 | { |
| 369 | $byColumns = null; |
| 370 | $order = strtoupper($order); |
| 371 | |
| 372 | if (is_array($by)) { |
| 373 | $byColumns = implode(', ', array_map([$this, 'quoteId'], array_map('trim', $by))); |
| 374 | } else if (str_contains($by, ',')) { |
| 375 | $byColumns = implode(', ', array_map([$this, 'quoteId'], array_map('trim', explode(',' , $by)))); |
| 376 | } else { |
| 377 | $byColumns = $this->quoteId(trim($by)); |
| 378 | } |
| 379 | |
| 380 | $this->orderBy .= (($this->orderBy !== null) ? ', ' : '') . $byColumns; |
| 381 | |
| 382 | if (str_contains($order, 'RAND')) { |
| 383 | $this->orderBy .= ($this->isSqlite()) ? ' RANDOM()' : ' RAND()'; |
| 384 | } else if (($order == 'ASC') || ($order == 'DESC')) { |
| 385 | $this->orderBy .= ' ' . $order; |
| 386 | } |
| 387 | |
| 388 | return $this; |
| 389 | } |
| 390 | |
| 391 | /** |
| 392 | * Set the LIMIT value |
| 393 | * |
| 394 | * @param int $limit |
| 395 | * @return Select |
| 396 | */ |
| 397 | public function limit(int $limit): Select |
| 398 | { |
| 399 | $this->limit = $limit; |
| 400 | return $this; |
| 401 | } |
| 402 | |
| 403 | /** |
| 404 | * Set the OFFSET value |
| 405 | * |
| 406 | * @param int $offset |
| 407 | * @return Select |
| 408 | */ |
| 409 | public function offset(int $offset): Select |
| 410 | { |
| 411 | $this->offset = $offset; |
| 412 | return $this; |
| 413 | } |
| 414 | |
| 415 | /** |
| 416 | * Render the SELECT statement |
| 417 | * |
| 418 | * @throws Exception |
| 419 | * @return string |
| 420 | */ |
| 421 | public function render(): string |
| 422 | { |
| 423 | // Start building the SELECT statement |
| 424 | $sql = 'SELECT ' . (($this->distinct) ? 'DISTINCT ' : null); |
| 425 | |
| 426 | if (count($this->values) > 0) { |
| 427 | $cols = []; |
| 428 | foreach ($this->values as $as => $col) { |
| 429 | // If column is a nested SQL query |
| 430 | if ($col instanceof AbstractSql) { |
| 431 | $cols[] = (!is_numeric($as)) ? |
| 432 | '(' . $col . ') AS ' . $this->quoteId($as) : '(' . $col . ')'; |
| 433 | } else { |
| 434 | // If column is a SQL function, don't quote it |
| 435 | $c = self::isSupportedFunction($col) ? $col : $this->quoteId($col); |
| 436 | $cols[] = (!is_numeric($as)) ? |
| 437 | $c . ' AS ' . $this->quoteId($as) : $c; |
| 438 | } |
| 439 | } |
| 440 | $sql .= implode(', ', $cols) . ' '; |
| 441 | } else { |
| 442 | $sql .= '* '; |
| 443 | } |
| 444 | |
| 445 | $sql .= 'FROM '; |
| 446 | |
| 447 | // Account for LIMIT and OFFSET clauses if the database is SQLSRV |
| 448 | if (($this->isSqlsrv()) && (($this->limit !== null) || ($this->offset !== null))) { |
| 449 | if ($this->orderBy === null) { |
| 450 | throw new Exception( |
| 451 | 'Error: You must set an order by clause to execute a limit clause on the MS SQL Server database.' |
| 452 | ); |
| 453 | } |
| 454 | $sql .= $this->buildSqlSrvLimitAndOffset(); |
| 455 | // Else, if there is a nested SELECT statement. |
| 456 | } else if (($this->table instanceof \Pop\Db\Sql) && ($this->table->hasSelect())) { |
| 457 | $sql .= (string)$this->table->select(); |
| 458 | // Else, if there is a nested SELECT statement. |
| 459 | } else if ($this->table instanceof \Pop\Db\Sql\Select) { |
| 460 | $sql .= (string)$this->table; |
| 461 | // Else, if there is an aliased table |
| 462 | } else if (is_array($this->table)) { |
| 463 | if (count($this->table) !== 1) { |
| 464 | throw new Exception('Error: Only one table can be used in FROM clause.'); |
| 465 | } |
| 466 | $alias = array_key_first($this->table); |
| 467 | $table = $this->table[$alias]; |
| 468 | $sql .= $this->quoteId($table) . ' AS ' . $this->quoteId($alias); |
| 469 | // Else, just select from the table |
| 470 | } else { |
| 471 | $sql .= $this->quoteId($this->table); |
| 472 | } |
| 473 | |
| 474 | // Build any JOIN clauses |
| 475 | if (count($this->joins) > 0) { |
| 476 | foreach ($this->joins as $join) { |
| 477 | $sql .= ' ' . $join; |
| 478 | } |
| 479 | } |
| 480 | |
| 481 | // Build WHERE clause |
| 482 | if ($this->where !== null) { |
| 483 | $sql .= ' WHERE ' . $this->where; |
| 484 | } |
| 485 | |
| 486 | // Build HAVING clause |
| 487 | if ($this->having !== null) { |
| 488 | $sql .= ' HAVING ' . $this->having; |
| 489 | } |
| 490 | |
| 491 | // Build GROUP BY clause |
| 492 | if ($this->groupBy !== null) { |
| 493 | $sql .= ' GROUP BY ' . $this->groupBy; |
| 494 | } |
| 495 | |
| 496 | // Build ORDER BY clause |
| 497 | if ($this->orderBy !== null) { |
| 498 | $sql .= ' ORDER BY ' . $this->orderBy; |
| 499 | } |
| 500 | |
| 501 | // Build LIMIT clause for all other database types. |
| 502 | if (!$this->isSqlsrv()) { |
| 503 | if ($this->limit !== null) { |
| 504 | if ((str_contains($this->limit, ',')) && ($this->isPgsql())) { |
| 505 | [$offset, $limit] = explode(',', $this->limit); |
| 506 | $this->offset = (int)trim($offset); |
| 507 | $this->limit = (int)trim($limit); |
| 508 | } |
| 509 | $sql .= ' LIMIT ' . $this->limit; |
| 510 | } |
| 511 | } |
| 512 | |
| 513 | // Build OFFSET clause for all other database types. |
| 514 | if (!$this->isSqlsrv()) { |
| 515 | if ($this->offset !== null) { |
| 516 | $sql .= ' OFFSET ' . $this->offset; |
| 517 | } |
| 518 | } |
| 519 | |
| 520 | if ($this->alias !== null) { |
| 521 | $sql = '(' . $sql . ') AS ' . $this->quoteId($this->alias); |
| 522 | } |
| 523 | |
| 524 | return $sql; |
| 525 | } |
| 526 | |
| 527 | /** |
| 528 | * Render the SELECT statement |
| 529 | * |
| 530 | * @throws Exception |
| 531 | * @return string |
| 532 | */ |
| 533 | public function __toString(): string |
| 534 | { |
| 535 | return $this->render(); |
| 536 | } |
| 537 | |
| 538 | /** |
| 539 | * Magic method to access $where and $having properties |
| 540 | * |
| 541 | * @param string $name |
| 542 | * @throws Exception |
| 543 | * @return mixed |
| 544 | */ |
| 545 | public function __get(string $name): mixed |
| 546 | { |
| 547 | switch (strtolower($name)) { |
| 548 | case 'where': |
| 549 | if ($this->where === null) { |
| 550 | $this->where = new Where($this); |
| 551 | } |
| 552 | return $this->where; |
| 553 | break; |
| 554 | case 'having': |
| 555 | if ($this->having === null) { |
| 556 | $this->having = new Having($this); |
| 557 | } |
| 558 | return $this->having; |
| 559 | break; |
| 560 | default: |
| 561 | throw new Exception("The property '" . $name ."' is not a valid property for this select object."); |
| 562 | } |
| 563 | } |
| 564 | |
| 565 | /** |
| 566 | * Method to get the limit and offset |
| 567 | * |
| 568 | * @return array |
| 569 | */ |
| 570 | protected function getLimitAndOffset(): array |
| 571 | { |
| 572 | $result = [ |
| 573 | 'limit' => null, |
| 574 | 'offset' => null |
| 575 | ]; |
| 576 | |
| 577 | // Calculate the limit and/or offset |
| 578 | if ($this->offset !== null) { |
| 579 | $result['offset'] = (int)$this->offset + 1; |
| 580 | $result['limit'] = ($this->limit !== null) ? (int)$this->limit + (int)$this->offset : 0; |
| 581 | } else if (str_contains($this->limit, ',')) { |
| 582 | $ary = explode(',', $this->limit); |
| 583 | $result['offset'] = (int)trim($ary[0]) + 1; |
| 584 | $result['limit'] = (int)trim($ary[1]) + (int)trim($ary[0]); |
| 585 | } else { |
| 586 | $result['limit'] = (int)$this->limit; |
| 587 | } |
| 588 | |
| 589 | return $result; |
| 590 | } |
| 591 | |
| 592 | /** |
| 593 | * Method to build SQL Server limit and offset sub-clause |
| 594 | * |
| 595 | * @return string |
| 596 | */ |
| 597 | protected function buildSqlSrvLimitAndOffset(): string |
| 598 | { |
| 599 | $sql = null; |
| 600 | $result = $this->getLimitAndOffset(); |
| 601 | if ($result['offset'] !== null) { |
| 602 | if ($this->where === null) { |
| 603 | $this->where = new Where($this); |
| 604 | } |
| 605 | |
| 606 | $sql .= '(SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY ' . $this->orderBy . ') AS RowNumber FROM ' . |
| 607 | $this->quoteId($this->table) . ') AS OrderedTable'; |
| 608 | if ($result['limit'] > 0) { |
| 609 | $this->where->between('OrderedTable.RowNumber', $result['offset'], $result['limit']); |
| 610 | } else { |
| 611 | $this->where->greaterThanOrEqualTo('OrderedTable.RowNumber', $result['offset']); |
| 612 | } |
| 613 | } else { |
| 614 | $sql = str_replace('SELECT', 'SELECT TOP ' . $result['limit'], $sql); |
| 615 | $sql .= $this->quoteId($this->table); |
| 616 | } |
| 617 | |
| 618 | return $sql; |
| 619 | } |
| 620 | |
| 621 | } |