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| 1 | <?php |
| 2 | declare(strict_types=1); |
| 3 | /** |
| 4 | * Pop PHP Framework (https://www.popphp.org/) |
| 5 | * |
| 6 | * @link https://github.com/popphp/popphp-framework |
| 7 | * @author Nick Sagona, III <nick@popphp.org> |
| 8 | * @copyright Copyright (c) 2009-2026 Nick Sagona, III |
| 9 | * @license https://www.popphp.org/license New BSD License |
| 10 | */ |
| 11 | |
| 12 | /** |
| 13 | * @namespace |
| 14 | */ |
| 15 | namespace Pop\Db\Record\Relationships; |
| 16 | |
| 17 | use Pop\Db\Record\Collection; |
| 18 | use Pop\Db\Sql; |
| 19 | |
| 20 | /** |
| 21 | * Relationship class for "has one" relationships |
| 22 | * |
| 23 | * @category Pop |
| 24 | * @package Pop\Db |
| 25 | * @author Nick Sagona, III <nick@popphp.org> |
| 26 | * @copyright Copyright (c) 2009-2026 Nick Sagona, III |
| 27 | * @license https://www.popphp.org/license New BSD License |
| 28 | * @version 7.0.0 |
| 29 | */ |
| 30 | abstract class AbstractRelationship implements RelationshipInterface |
| 31 | { |
| 32 | |
| 33 | /** |
| 34 | * Delimiter used to join multiple column values into one composite lookup key |
| 35 | * @var string |
| 36 | */ |
| 37 | public const COMPOSITE_KEY_DELIMITER = "\x1F"; |
| 38 | |
| 39 | /** |
| 40 | * Foreign table class |
| 41 | * @var ?string |
| 42 | */ |
| 43 | protected ?string $foreignTable = null; |
| 44 | |
| 45 | /** |
| 46 | * Foreign key |
| 47 | * @var string|array|null |
| 48 | */ |
| 49 | protected string|array|null $foreignKey = null; |
| 50 | |
| 51 | /** |
| 52 | * Relationship options |
| 53 | * @var ?array |
| 54 | */ |
| 55 | protected ?array $options = null; |
| 56 | |
| 57 | /** |
| 58 | * Relationship children (list of dotted child paths to eager-load under this relationship) |
| 59 | * @var array |
| 60 | */ |
| 61 | protected array $children = []; |
| 62 | |
| 63 | /** |
| 64 | * Constructor |
| 65 | * |
| 66 | * Instantiate the relationship object |
| 67 | * |
| 68 | * @param string $foreignTable |
| 69 | * @param string|array $foreignKey |
| 70 | * @param ?array $options |
| 71 | */ |
| 72 | public function __construct(string $foreignTable, string|array $foreignKey, ?array $options = null) |
| 73 | { |
| 74 | $this->foreignTable = $foreignTable; |
| 75 | $this->foreignKey = $foreignKey; |
| 76 | $this->options = $options; |
| 77 | } |
| 78 | |
| 79 | /** |
| 80 | * Get foreign table class |
| 81 | * |
| 82 | * @return string|null |
| 83 | */ |
| 84 | public function getForeignTable(): string|null |
| 85 | { |
| 86 | return $this->foreignTable; |
| 87 | } |
| 88 | |
| 89 | /** |
| 90 | * Get foreign key |
| 91 | * |
| 92 | * @return string|array|null |
| 93 | */ |
| 94 | public function getForeignKey(): string|array|null |
| 95 | { |
| 96 | return $this->foreignKey; |
| 97 | } |
| 98 | |
| 99 | /** |
| 100 | * Get options |
| 101 | * |
| 102 | * @return array|null |
| 103 | */ |
| 104 | public function getOptions(): array|null |
| 105 | { |
| 106 | return $this->options; |
| 107 | } |
| 108 | |
| 109 | /** |
| 110 | * Get child relationships |
| 111 | * |
| 112 | * @return array |
| 113 | */ |
| 114 | public function getChildRelationships(): array |
| 115 | { |
| 116 | return $this->children; |
| 117 | } |
| 118 | |
| 119 | /** |
| 120 | * Set children child relationships |
| 121 | * |
| 122 | * @param array $children |
| 123 | * @return static |
| 124 | */ |
| 125 | public function setChildRelationships(array $children): static |
| 126 | { |
| 127 | $this->children = $children; |
| 128 | return $this; |
| 129 | } |
| 130 | |
| 131 | /** |
| 132 | * Get eager relationships |
| 133 | * |
| 134 | * @param array $ids |
| 135 | * @throws Exception |
| 136 | * @return array |
| 137 | */ |
| 138 | abstract public function getEagerRelationships(array $ids): array; |
| 139 | |
| 140 | /** |
| 141 | * Get the value to use for a leaf record's named child relationship when no eager-loaded |
| 142 | * results were found for it (e.g. a "has many" child with zero matching rows should still |
| 143 | * see an empty Collection rather than a plain array). Concrete relationship classes whose |
| 144 | * populated results aren't plain arrays should override this. |
| 145 | * |
| 146 | * @return mixed |
| 147 | */ |
| 148 | public function getEmptyRelationshipValue(): mixed |
| 149 | { |
| 150 | return []; |
| 151 | } |
| 152 | |
| 153 | /** |
| 154 | * Build a single composite lookup key from an ordered list of column values |
| 155 | * |
| 156 | * @param array $values |
| 157 | * @return string |
| 158 | */ |
| 159 | public static function buildCompositeKey(array $values): string |
| 160 | { |
| 161 | return implode(self::COMPOSITE_KEY_DELIMITER, $values); |
| 162 | } |
| 163 | |
| 164 | /** |
| 165 | * Build an ordered tuple of values for the given columns from a record (either a |
| 166 | * Record instance or a plain array row). Returns null if any one of the columns is |
| 167 | * missing or null, i.e. the record has no usable composite key and should be skipped. |
| 168 | * |
| 169 | * @param mixed $record |
| 170 | * @param array $columns |
| 171 | * @return array|null |
| 172 | */ |
| 173 | public static function tupleFor(mixed $record, array $columns): ?array |
| 174 | { |
| 175 | $tuple = array_map(fn($col) => $record[$col] ?? null, $columns); |
| 176 | return (in_array(null, $tuple, true)) ? null : $tuple; |
| 177 | } |
| 178 | |
| 179 | /** |
| 180 | * Bind a single value as a query parameter and return the placeholder token that must be |
| 181 | * rendered in its place. |
| 182 | * |
| 183 | * A bare placeholder character is NOT a usable placeholder on every dialect: only MySQL/SQL |
| 184 | * Server take a bare '?'. PostgreSQL needs a positional '$N' and SQLite/PDO need a named |
| 185 | * ':name', so the token has to be generated here rather than repeating whatever |
| 186 | * Sql::getPlaceholder() returns. The Sql object's own parameter counter is used to number |
| 187 | * (PostgreSQL) and to uniquely name (SQLite/PDO) every parameter in the statement, so |
| 188 | * callers can bind several groups of parameters into one query without colliding. |
| 189 | * |
| 190 | * The generated names deliberately start with the counter, i.e. with a digit, which is |
| 191 | * exactly what keeps them from ever colliding with the column-derived names that |
| 192 | * Sql\Parser\Expression::parseShorthand() emits for the same statement. |
| 193 | * |
| 194 | * @param Sql $sql |
| 195 | * @param string $column |
| 196 | * @param mixed $value |
| 197 | * @param array $params |
| 198 | * @return string |
| 199 | */ |
| 200 | protected static function bindPlaceholder(Sql $sql, string $column, mixed $value, array &$params): string |
| 201 | { |
| 202 | $placeholder = $sql->getPlaceholder(); |
| 203 | |
| 204 | $sql->incrementParameterCount(); |
| 205 | |
| 206 | if ($placeholder == ':') { |
| 207 | $key = $sql->getParameterCount() . '_' . preg_replace('/[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/', '_', $column); |
| 208 | $params[$key] = $value; |
| 209 | return ':' . $key; |
| 210 | } else if ($placeholder == '$') { |
| 211 | $params[] = $value; |
| 212 | return '$' . $sql->getParameterCount(); |
| 213 | } else { |
| 214 | $params[] = $value; |
| 215 | return '?'; |
| 216 | } |
| 217 | } |
| 218 | |
| 219 | /** |
| 220 | * Bind a flat list of values for a single column and return their placeholder tokens |
| 221 | * |
| 222 | * @param Sql $sql |
| 223 | * @param string $column |
| 224 | * @param array $values |
| 225 | * @param array $params |
| 226 | * @return array |
| 227 | */ |
| 228 | protected static function bindPlaceholders(Sql $sql, string $column, array $values, array &$params): array |
| 229 | { |
| 230 | $placeholders = []; |
| 231 | |
| 232 | foreach ($values as $value) { |
| 233 | $placeholders[] = static::bindPlaceholder($sql, $column, $value, $params); |
| 234 | } |
| 235 | |
| 236 | return $placeholders; |
| 237 | } |
| 238 | |
| 239 | /** |
| 240 | * Apply the eager-load id filter to a SELECT's WHERE clause and collect its bound values. |
| 241 | * |
| 242 | * A single-column key renders as one "column IN (...)" predicate. A composite key renders |
| 243 | * as one AND-nested group of per-tuple OR-nested equality groups, so that whatever gets |
| 244 | * appended to the WHERE clause afterward is ANDed against the whole "matches any of these |
| 245 | * id tuples" block rather than becoming a sibling OR at the top level. It renders |
| 246 | * identically when there is no sibling predicate. |
| 247 | * |
| 248 | * @param Sql $sql |
| 249 | * @param string|array $key |
| 250 | * @param array $ids |
| 251 | * @param array $params |
| 252 | * @return void |
| 253 | */ |
| 254 | protected function applyEagerIdFilter(Sql $sql, string|array $key, array $ids, array &$params): void |
| 255 | { |
| 256 | if (is_array($key)) { |
| 257 | $columns = array_values($key); |
| 258 | $tupleGroup = $sql->select()->where->andNest(); |
| 259 | foreach ($ids as $idTuple) { |
| 260 | $idTuple = array_values((array)$idTuple); |
| 261 | $group = $tupleGroup->orNest(); |
| 262 | foreach ($columns as $i => $column) { |
| 263 | $group->equalTo($column, static::bindPlaceholder($sql, $column, $idTuple[$i] ?? null, $params)); |
| 264 | } |
| 265 | } |
| 266 | } else { |
| 267 | $sql->select()->where->in($key, static::bindPlaceholders($sql, $key, $ids, $params)); |
| 268 | } |
| 269 | } |
| 270 | |
| 271 | /** |
| 272 | * Validate that the tuples in an eager-load id list have the same number of |
| 273 | * components as the array foreign key they will be bound to. A plain string |
| 274 | * $foreignKey (cardinality 1) and an empty $ids list are always valid. |
| 275 | * |
| 276 | * @param array $ids |
| 277 | * @param string|array $foreignKey |
| 278 | * @throws Exception |
| 279 | * @return void |
| 280 | */ |
| 281 | protected function assertTupleCardinality(array $ids, string|array $foreignKey): void |
| 282 | { |
| 283 | if (!is_array($foreignKey) || empty($ids)) { |
| 284 | return; |
| 285 | } |
| 286 | |
| 287 | $tuple = reset($ids); |
| 288 | |
| 289 | if (!is_array($tuple) || (count($tuple) !== count($foreignKey))) { |
| 290 | throw new Exception( |
| 291 | 'Error: The number of foreign key columns (' . count($foreignKey) . |
| 292 | ') does not match the number of values (' . (is_array($tuple) ? count($tuple) : 1) . |
| 293 | ') provided for the relationship lookup.' |
| 294 | ); |
| 295 | } |
| 296 | } |
| 297 | |
| 298 | /** |
| 299 | * Validate that an array foreign-key column count matches the target |
| 300 | * table's own primary-key column count. A plain string $foreignKey is |
| 301 | * always treated as cardinality 1. |
| 302 | * |
| 303 | * @param string|array $foreignKey |
| 304 | * @param array $targetPrimaryKeys |
| 305 | * @throws Exception |
| 306 | * @return void |
| 307 | */ |
| 308 | protected function assertKeyCardinality(string|array $foreignKey, array $targetPrimaryKeys): void |
| 309 | { |
| 310 | $foreignKeyCount = is_array($foreignKey) ? count($foreignKey) : 1; |
| 311 | $targetKeyCount = count($targetPrimaryKeys); |
| 312 | |
| 313 | if ($foreignKeyCount !== $targetKeyCount) { |
| 314 | throw new Exception( |
| 315 | 'Error: The number of foreign key columns (' . $foreignKeyCount . |
| 316 | ') does not match the number of primary key columns (' . $targetKeyCount . |
| 317 | ') on the target table.' |
| 318 | ); |
| 319 | } |
| 320 | } |
| 321 | |
| 322 | /** |
| 323 | * Determine whether a lazily-built relationship lookup's column filter carries at least |
| 324 | * one usable parent key value, i.e. the parent record was actually loaded. |
| 325 | * |
| 326 | * An unloaded parent degenerates the lookup two different ways depending on whether the |
| 327 | * foreign key is a single column or composite: the single-key branch collapses |
| 328 | * getPrimaryValues()'s empty array into a bare `[]` value (legacy empty-IN shorthand, |
| 329 | * `IN ('')`), while the composite branch reads each column through the row gateway and |
| 330 | * gets `null` for each one (`IS NULL`, which matches any orphan row with a null FK). Both |
| 331 | * mean "no parent loaded" and must short-circuit before either shape reaches the query |
| 332 | * layer - but a legitimate `0` or `''` key value must NOT be treated the same way, so this |
| 333 | * checks value identity, not truthiness. |
| 334 | * |
| 335 | * @param array $columns |
| 336 | * @return bool |
| 337 | */ |
| 338 | protected function hasUsableParentKey(array $columns): bool |
| 339 | { |
| 340 | return !empty(array_filter($columns, fn($value) => ($value !== null) && ($value !== []))); |
| 341 | } |
| 342 | |
| 343 | /** |
| 344 | * Hydrate nested child relationships onto a flat list of leaf records, resolving each |
| 345 | * named child relationship once (accumulated by name) and distributing every one of them |
| 346 | * onto every leaf record — so multiple differently-named children under this relationship |
| 347 | * don't overwrite each other. |
| 348 | * |
| 349 | * The column used to query and match a given child relationship is decided per relationship |
| 350 | * name, not once for all of them: "to-one by foreign key" children (HasOneOf and BelongsTo) |
| 351 | * are keyed by the leaf record's own foreign key column — the column holding the value that |
| 352 | * identifies which foreign row to fetch — while every other kind is keyed by the leaf |
| 353 | * record's primary key. |
| 354 | * |
| 355 | * @param array $leafRecords |
| 356 | * @param string|array $primaryKeyColumn |
| 357 | * @return void |
| 358 | */ |
| 359 | protected function hydrateChildRelationships(array $leafRecords, string|array $primaryKeyColumn): void |
| 360 | { |
| 361 | if (empty($this->children) || empty($leafRecords)) { |
| 362 | return; |
| 363 | } |
| 364 | |
| 365 | $accumulated = []; |
| 366 | $relationshipsByName = []; |
| 367 | $lookupColumns = []; |
| 368 | |
| 369 | foreach ($leafRecords as $record) { |
| 370 | foreach ($this->children as $childPath) { |
| 371 | $record->addWith($childPath); |
| 372 | } |
| 373 | $record->getWithRelationships(); |
| 374 | foreach ($record->getRelationships() as $name => $relationship) { |
| 375 | if (!isset($accumulated[$name])) { |
| 376 | $column = (($relationship instanceof HasOneOf) || ($relationship instanceof BelongsTo)) ? |
| 377 | $relationship->getForeignKey() : $primaryKeyColumn; |
| 378 | |
| 379 | $lookupColumns[$name] = $column; |
| 380 | |
| 381 | if (is_array($column)) { |
| 382 | $tuplesByKey = []; |
| 383 | foreach ($leafRecords as $leafRecord) { |
| 384 | $tuple = self::tupleFor($leafRecord, $column); |
| 385 | if ($tuple === null) { |
| 386 | continue; |
| 387 | } |
| 388 | $tuplesByKey[self::buildCompositeKey($tuple)] = $tuple; |
| 389 | } |
| 390 | $ids = array_values($tuplesByKey); |
| 391 | } else { |
| 392 | $ids = array_values(array_unique(array_map( |
| 393 | fn($leafRecord) => $leafRecord[$column], $leafRecords |
| 394 | ))); |
| 395 | } |
| 396 | |
| 397 | // An empty id list must not reach getEagerRelationships(), which would |
| 398 | // render either an invalid or an entirely unfiltered WHERE clause. |
| 399 | $accumulated[$name] = (!empty($ids)) ? $relationship->getEagerRelationships($ids) : []; |
| 400 | $relationshipsByName[$name] = $relationship; |
| 401 | } |
| 402 | } |
| 403 | } |
| 404 | |
| 405 | foreach ($leafRecords as $record) { |
| 406 | foreach ($accumulated as $name => $resultsByKey) { |
| 407 | $column = $lookupColumns[$name]; |
| 408 | if (is_array($column)) { |
| 409 | $tuple = self::tupleFor($record, $column); |
| 410 | $lookupValue = ($tuple !== null) ? self::buildCompositeKey($tuple) : null; |
| 411 | } else { |
| 412 | $lookupValue = $record[$column] ?? null; |
| 413 | } |
| 414 | $record->setRelationship( |
| 415 | $name, |
| 416 | $resultsByKey[$lookupValue] ?? $relationshipsByName[$name]->getEmptyRelationshipValue() |
| 417 | ); |
| 418 | } |
| 419 | } |
| 420 | } |
| 421 | |
| 422 | } |